A motor is a revolving apparatus that is primarily made up of a stator and rotor. Through the action of the magnetic field generated in the coil, electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy.
These machines are more efficient than their combustion counterparts overall, do not require external ventilation or cooling, have a steady speed, high and consistent torque, and are approximately 75% more efficient than their combustion counterparts.
The motor requires a lot of care and maintenance because they are crucial to the electric bike business.
Maintenance
Any machine's life can be extended, specific sorts of defects can be avoided, and appropriate operation is ensured through maintenance. Maintenance can be separated into two categories: preventive and corrective.
Preventive maintenance is done on a regular basis to make sure everything is operating properly, replace manufacturer-recommended parts, and carry out operations (lubrication, modification, adjustment, etc.) based on the engine's workload. This method should cause the least amount of disruption to its regular functioning and is carried out in accordance with the activities outlined in the maintenance plan.
Because corrective maintenance is carried out in response to engine failure, it is sporadic and typically results in a halt to output. Reducing its influence, obtaining the essential spare components required for the repair, and possessing the authority to do the operation are all crucial.
Instruments
To protect the motor, electrical and mechanical parts must be covered as they will continue to be used, worn and contaminated by external components.
Daily maintenance of electrical components (windings, brushes, etc.) includes modifying connections, replacing carbon brushes and regular measurements. This requires various instruments such as megohmmeter, micro-ohmmeter, multimeter, oscilloscope, etc. These provide values of insulation, continuity, frequency, current, voltage, power and waveform.
At the same time, mechanical components such as bearings, shafts and housings have a protection plan that includes cleaning the mechanical components, checking the motor base and nuts, and taking measurements to evaluate rotor speed and balance. Torque, applied load and temperature.
Preventive maintenance measures
1. Regularly inspect the motor.
2. To guarantee adequate airflow and to enable the engine to cool down appropriately, remove debris, oil, and dust from the fan cover.
3. Pay attention to how the seal behaves.
4. Be mindful of the mounting bolts and the mechanical and electrical connections.
5. Inspect the bearing, observe unusual vibration and noise.
6. Use a puller tool to replace worn-out bearings, then lubricate the new bearings after fitting them in a cold or hot oil bath.
7. Use a megohmmeter to measure the insulating resistance if the motor is not running and there is an extended period of static.
8. Qualified workers who utilize the right tools and work techniques are required if you need to remove the motor and handle any of its internal components.
9. To eliminate corrosive materials and improve insulation resistance, clean the coil's winding with dielectric solvent and burn it under infrared light if it is unclean.
10. Perform a start-up test to ensure proper performance following extensive maintenance.
Corrective maintenance activities
1. Motor does not start: Examine the mains voltage, the fuse, the contact, the rotor voltage, the brush contact, the starting resistor circuit, the winding insulation, and the proper connection (star or delta depending on the terminal block and load).
2. Excessive current drawn during operation: If the load is smaller, replace the motor; if not, inspect the insulation, rotor winding, ring, brush, resistance circuit, and rotor winding and make any necessary repairs or rewinds.
3. Motor overheating: check load, clean grill, ventilation slots, circuit board connections and stator winding.
4. Motor smokes and burns: check the windings and maintain a clear vent circuit at all times for maintenance or, if required, rewinding.
